SPE ya kasance a kusa da shekaru da yawa, kuma saboda kyakkyawan dalili.Lokacin da masana kimiyya ke son cire abubuwan da suka shafi bayanan baya daga samfuran su, suna fuskantar ƙalubalen yin hakan ba tare da rage ikon su daidai da ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun mahallin da adadin abubuwan sha'awar su ba.SPE wata dabara ce da masana kimiyya sukan yi amfani da ita don taimakawa shirya samfuran su don kayan aiki masu mahimmanci da ake amfani da su don ƙididdigar ƙididdiga.SPE yana da ƙarfi, yana aiki don nau'ikan samfuri masu yawa, kuma ana ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin samfuran SPE da hanyoyin.A zuciyar haɓaka waɗannan hanyoyin shine godiya cewa duk da cewa kalmar "chromatography" ba ta bayyana a cikin sunan fasaha ba, duk da haka SPE wani nau'i ne na rabuwar chromatographic.

SPE: Silent Chromatography

Akwai wata tsohuwar magana “idan bishiya ta faɗo a cikin daji, kuma ba wanda yake kusa da ya ji ta, har yanzu yana yin ƙara?”Wannan maganar tana tuna mana SPE.Wannan na iya zama abin ban mamaki a faɗi, amma idan muka yi tunanin SPE, tambayar ta zama "idan rabuwa ta faru kuma babu mai ganowa a can don yin rikodin ta, shin da gaske ne chromatography ya faru?"Game da SPE, amsar ita ce "e!"Lokacin haɓakawa ko magance hanyar SPE, yana iya taimakawa sosai a tuna cewa SPE kawai chromatography ne ba tare da chromatogram ba.Lokacin da kuka yi tunani game da shi, shin Mikhail Tsvet, wanda aka sani da “uban chromatography,” bai yi abin da za mu kira “SPE” a yau ba?Lokacin da ya keɓe cakuɗe-haɗensa na alatun shuka ta hanyar barin nauyi ya ɗauke su, ya narke a cikin wani abu mai narkewa, ta gadon ƙasa alli, shin ya bambanta da tsarin SPE na zamani?

Fahimtar Samfuran ku

Tun da SPE ya dogara ne akan ka'idodin chromatographic, a zuciyar kowane kyakkyawan hanyar SPE shine dangantaka tsakanin masu nazari, matrix, lokaci na tsaye (SPE sorbent), da kuma lokacin wayar hannu (kaushi da ake amfani da su don wankewa ko haɓaka samfurin) .

Fahimtar yanayin samfurin ku gwargwadon yiwuwa shine wuri mafi kyau don farawa idan kuna haɓaka ko magance hanyar SPE.Don guje wa gwaji da kuskure mara amfani yayin haɓaka hanya, kwatancen kaddarorin zahiri da sinadarai na duka manazarta da matrix suna da taimako sosai.Da zarar kun san game da samfurin ku, za ku kasance cikin matsayi mafi kyau don daidaita wannan samfurin tare da samfurin SPE mai dacewa.Alal misali, sanin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun mahaɗan idan aka kwatanta da juna da matrix na iya taimaka maka yanke shawara idan amfani da polarity don raba manazarta daga matrix ita ce hanya madaidaiciya.Sanin ko manazartan ku ba su da tsaka-tsaki ko suna iya wanzuwa a cikin jahohin da aka caje kuma na iya taimaka muku jagora zuwa samfuran SPE waɗanda suka ƙware wajen riƙewa ko ɓoye tsaka-tsaki, chaji mai inganci, ko nau'in caji mara kyau.Waɗannan ra'ayoyi guda biyu suna wakiltar kaddarorin nazarin abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su don yin amfani da lokacin haɓaka hanyoyin SPE da zaɓi samfuran SPE.Idan za ku iya kwatanta manazarta ku da fitattun abubuwan matrix a cikin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, kuna kan hanyarku don ɗaukar kyakkyawar jagora don haɓaka hanyar SPE ku.

Rabuwa ta Affinity

Ka'idodin da ke ayyana rarrabuwa da ke faruwa a cikin ginshiƙi na LC, alal misali, suna kan wasa a cikin rabuwar SPE.Tushen kowane rarrabuwa na chromatographic shine kafa tsarin da ke da nau'ikan hulɗar ma'amala tsakanin sassan samfurin da nau'ikan nau'ikan biyu da ke cikin ginshiƙi ko harsashi na SPE, tsarin wayar hannu da lokacin tsayawa.

Ɗaya daga cikin matakai na farko don jin daɗin ci gaban hanyar SPE shine samun masaniya tare da nau'o'in hulɗar da aka fi ci karo da su guda biyu da ake aiki a cikin rabuwar SPE: polarity da/ko halin caji.

Polarity

Idan za ku yi amfani da polarity don tsaftace samfurin ku, ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan farko da za ku yi shine yanke shawarar abin da "yanayin" ya fi kyau.Zai fi kyau a yi aiki tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin iyaka na SPE da kuma wani lokaci mara iyaka na wayar hannu (watau yanayin al'ada) ko akasin haka, matsakaicin matsakaicin SPE wanda ba na polar ba tare da ɗan ƙaramin lokaci na wayar hannu (watau yanayin juyawa, ana kiransa kawai saboda akasin haka). na farkon kafa "yanayin al'ada").

Yayin da kake bincika samfuran SPE, za ku ga cewa matakan SPE sun kasance a cikin kewayon polarities.Haka kuma, zabi na mobile lokaci sauran ƙarfi kuma yana ba da fa'ida na polarities, sau da yawa sosai tunable ta hanyar yin amfani da blends na kaushi, buffers, ko wasu Additives.Akwai babban mataki na finesse mai yuwuwa yayin amfani da bambance-bambancen polarity azaman maɓalli mai mahimmanci don amfani don raba manazarta daga kutsawar matrix (ko daga juna).

Kawai ku tuna da tsohuwar maganar sunadarai "kamar narkar da" lokacin da kuke la'akari da polarity a matsayin direba don rabuwa.Mafi kamanceceniya da fili yake zuwa polarity na wayar hannu ko lokaci mai tsayi, gwargwadon yadda zai iya yin mu'amala mai ƙarfi.Ƙaƙƙarfan hulɗa tare da lokaci na tsaye yana haifar da dogon lokaci akan matsakaicin SPE.Ƙarfafan hulɗa tare da tsarin wayar hannu yana haifar da ƙarancin riƙewa da haɓakawa a baya.

Jihar Caji

Idan manazarta na sha'awa ko dai suna kasancewa a cikin cajin yanayi ko kuma suna iya sanya su a cikin caji ta yanayin yanayin da aka narkar da su (misali pH), to, wata hanya mai ƙarfi ta raba su da matrix (ko kowane ɗayan). wani) ta hanyar amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na SPE wanda zai iya jawo hankalin su tare da cajin nasu.

A wannan yanayin, ƙa'idodin jan hankali na electrostatic suna aiki.Sabanin rarrabuwar kawuna da suka dogara da halayen polarity da kuma “kamar narkar da” ƙirar ma’amala, mu’amalar jaha da aka caje tana aiki akan ƙa’idar “masu bambanta”.Misali, kuna iya samun matsakaicin SPE wanda ke da ingantaccen caji akan saman sa.Don daidaita wancan saman da aka yi caji mai inganci, yawanci akwai nau'in nau'in da aka caje mara kyau (anion) da farko an ɗaure shi.Idan an gabatar da na'urar binciken ku maras kyau a cikin tsarin, tana da ikon kawar da anion ɗin da aka daure da farko da yin hulɗa tare da ingantaccen cajin SPE.Wannan yana haifar da riƙewar nazari akan lokaci na SPE.Wannan musanyawar anions ana kiranta "Anion Exchange" kuma misali ɗaya ne kawai na babban nau'in "Ion Exchange" kayayyakin SPE.A cikin wannan misalin, nau'ikan da aka caje ingantattun nau'ikan za su sami ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwarin gwiwa don ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tsarin wayar hannu kuma ba za su yi hulɗa tare da ingantaccen cajin SPE ba, don haka ba za a riƙe su ba.Kuma, sai dai idan saman SPE yana da wasu halaye ban da kaddarorin musanya na ion, nau'in tsaka-tsaki kuma za a kiyaye shi kaɗan (ko da yake, irin waɗannan samfuran SPE da aka haɗa sun wanzu, suna ba ku damar amfani da musayar ion da jujjuya hanyoyin riƙewar lokaci a cikin matsakaicin SPE guda ɗaya. ).

Bambanci mai mahimmanci don tunawa lokacin amfani da hanyoyin musanya ion shine yanayin yanayin cajin mai bincike.Idan ana cajin analyte koyaushe, ba tare da la'akari da pH na maganin da yake ciki ba, ana ɗaukarsa nau'in "ƙarfi".Idan ana cajin analyte kawai a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin pH, ana ɗaukarsa nau'in "rauni".Wannan muhimmin sifa ce don fahimta game da masu nazarin ku saboda zai ƙayyade nau'in kafofin watsa labarai na SPE don amfani.A cikin sharuddan gabaɗaya, yin tunani game da abokan gaba tare zai taimaka a nan.Yana da kyawawa don haɗawa SPE sorbent mai rauni mai rauni tare da nau'in "ƙarfi" da nau'in musayar ion mai ƙarfi tare da nazarin "rauni".