1. Lipatlisiso tsa motheo ka li-nucleic acid: genomic cloning
2. Asymmetric PCR ho lokisa DNA e nang le khoele e le 'ngoe bakeng sa tatellano ea DNA
3. Boikemisetso ba libaka tse sa tsejoeng tsa DNA ka PCR e fapaneng
4. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) e sebelisetsoa ho lemoha boemo ba liphatsa tsa lefutso liseleng, bongata ba kokoana-hloko ea RNA le ho kopana ka ho toba ha cDNA ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tse itseng.
5. Fluorescence quantitative PCR e sebelisetsoa ho lekola lihlahisoa tsa PCR ka nako ea sebele.
6. Ho phahamisa ka potlako ha cDNA ho fela
7. Ho fumanoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso
8. Lisebelisoa tsa bongaka: ho lemoha mafu a baktheria le kokoana-hloko;ho hlahlojoa ha mafu a lefutso;ho hlahlojoa ha lihlahala;e sebedisoang ho bopaki ba forensic